Biggest Political Debate Issues - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1776 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Control Essay Did you like this example? Perhaps one of the biggest political debate issues of our time is that on the topic of gun control. Even though the principle of bearing arms has been ruled a Natural right in the second amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America, the fight still goes on as many people still do not agree with this right we were bestowed by our founding fathers. Stricter gun control laws can help us today by, reducing the risk of gun related incidences, making it harder get your hands on a firearm, and overall saving more lives. To start off, the legal age set for a person to purchase a firearm in most States is the astoundingly low age of eighteen years old. Studies show that the brain does not fully mature until the mid-to-late 20s. Last to mature is the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for making intelligent, long-term decisions; for weighing risks and benefits; and for controlling impulses (Raise 9). While the prefrontal cortex isnt fully developed yet, the limbic system takes over, the limbic system runs off of emotional decisions (Raise 10). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Biggest Political Debate Issues" essay for you Create order As you can see from this study, while somebody whos eighteen years old is considered an adult by society, the most important part of their brain is still completely underdeveloped. This underdevelopment can lead to emotionally irrational decisions. A simple fix for this illogical plight is to raise the legal age of owning a firearm. A rational age would be somewhere around the age of twenty-five or older, at this age the brain is fully developed and has matured, causing the person to make more appropriate decisions. Also, promoting a stronger set of gun control laws will make it significantly harder for the average person to get their hands on a firearm. Stunning statistics state that the United States of America has 88.8 guns per 100 people, or about 270,000,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number in the world. 22% of Americans own one or more guns(35% of men and 12% of women) (Procon 1). In addition to the many people in the U.S. that own guns, in its current state the system for applying for a firearm license is completely in broken. Its limited by its vague policies, non-mandatory reporting standards, and low cooperation of individual states with the national background check registry (Kangas 1). The idea of this is absolutely absurd. Further, Stricter gun control laws could prevent many accidents related to the use of firearms. Mental disabilities are a huge contributing factor in many gun related violence incidents. Whether it be PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), depression, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, or any other mental illness, they can all affect the way you think and handle situations. For instance, Navy veteran Chris Kyle helped out other former veterans dealing with PTSD and other disabilities. Kyle would devote his time to bonding with the veterans at a care center and occasionally take them to the shooting range. Chris Kyle was shot and killed by a veteran suffering from PTSD (Lines 2). The killer was not in control of his actions when hit with the wave of PTSD. Should we really be allowing this to be a risk to us? This is just one heartbreaking instance where a mental illness can completely take over someones mind and cause them to do things they would never do if they were sane. Further, mental illness paired with the unbelievably low legal age of eighteen to own a gun can be a diabolical combination. For decades people remembered and mourned over the tragic columbine massacre, today mass shootings seem to be the norm. Today, statistics show that theres actually nearly one mass shooting a day since December 14th 2012. One particular shooting Id like to touch on is a recent tragedy, the Parkland shooting. The Parkland shooting occurred on February 14th 2018, after this tragic day a shocking seventeen students and teachers were killed (Willis 1). The shooter, Nicholas Cruz, was only 19 years old. Cruz legally owned the automatic firearm that ensued chaos on the students at Stoneman Douglas High school. Cruz was suffering from mental disabilities and was under the age of full mental development. Even with these two huge factors, he was still approved to legally own a gun. Cruz didnt own just any gun though, he owned an automatic firearm. If our gun control laws had more restrictions, we could have saved the lives of seventeen helpless students and teachers. Now, in the light of this tragic event, a Florida bill was passed to raise the legal firearm owning age from eighteen years of age to twenty one. Although this is a step in the right direction, its not enough. Furthermore, another issue affected by the topic is the problem we deal with today about Law Enforcement unarmed shootings. Statistics show that 40% of the victims of Police related shootings yearly are unarmed citizens (Maskaly 1). This truly is an unbelievable statistic. Police related shootings happen all throughout our country on an almost daily basis, to think that an astounding 40% of these shootings are unjustified and pretty much criminal, churns my stomach. A common thought on this topic starts and lies in the roots of gun control. The thought stems from the issue that its so simple to pass a background check and the other various checks required before being able to legally own a firearm. Police these days have no idea who has a gun and who doesnt, they always have to be on high alert. Would it scare you if it was your job to confront suspicious people on a daily basis not knowing if that person has a weapon of murder on them that could take your life in an instant? Police Officers always have to be on high alert when dealing with people like this, and the fact that almost anyone they see can have a firearm on them doesnt help their mental state when dealing with situations such as these. Complications from this issue can lead to the mass amount of unarmed shootings we see today. Additionally, Using a gun for self defense is not morally correct. To appeal to the religious side of things were going to look at the bible account of the Ten Commandments: (I) I am the Lord thy God; thou shalt have no other gods before me. (II) Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain. (III) Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. (IV) Honor thy father and thy mother. (V) Thou shalt not kill. (VI) Thou shalt not commit adultery. (VII) Thou shalt not steal. (VIII) Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. (IX) Thou shalt not covet thy neighbors house. (X) Thou shalt not covet thy neighbors wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbors(Commandments 1). Well focus on commandment number five. Commandment number five states that Thou shalt not kill, in other words; do not be guilty of or commit such a crime as murder. Although the United States of America has its own legal system with its own way of determining if a crime was in self defense or not, any form of committing an act of killing someone is in fact considered murder. Is it worth taking someones life in exchange for losing a few of your possessions? Murder is morally incorrect and downright wrong. Adding on, yet another reason gun control should be made stronger is because people arent just buying firearms such as pistols and small arms, many people are purchasing Automatic Assault Rifles (AR). Assault Rifles are by no means necessary to own by ordinary everyday citizens. Assault Rifles typically have 30-60 rounds per magazine (depending on the magazine) and are most often used by the military by trained soldiers to fight in wars. The excuse many come up with is that they use them for hunting. With access to weapons of war such as an AR its no wonder we have these kinds of incidents today. On the contrary, there can be some potential downsides to increasing the amount of gun control exercised by the government. A big stumbling block is that it can threaten an individuals constitutional rights. Way back in 1787 our founding fathers gave us these rights with the intent that they were natural and couldnt be taken away from us. If we now decide to amend these rights whos to say we wont start taking away other natural rights given to us? When the government, or criminals, or a foreign power chooses to take that which does not belong to them, then the common man should have means to defend himself.(Mears 3). Its a citizens right to stand up for and defend both himself and his neighbor. Therefore, the government need not to go as far as banning guns all together, but adding more restrictions to gun ownership. Adding on, perhaps the biggest use for guns today is for personal defense.About 8.8 percent of adults carried guns in the preceding year 3.7 percent carried guns on their person, and 6.5 percent carried guns in a vehicle. Within a given year about 16.8 million U.S. adults carry a gun, 7.1 million who carry do so on the person and 12.4 million do so in a vehicle. On an average day, 2.7 million U.S. adults carry a gun for protection on their person and 5.0 million carry one in a vehicle(Kleck 1). As you can very well see theres a good amount of people who use firearms for self defense, and keep in mind that those are just the legally registered individuals. As far as actually using guns for self defense, theyre rarely needed to be fired. Usually an intruder will be scared off at the sheer sight of such a weapon, but for the cases that dont exactly go as planned it results in a high level of injury and can even result in the death of the victim. With such power, a firearm could protect your own life, familys life, and your belongings. All in all, Gun control is a topic of great controversy, especially in light of recent tragic events. Gun control laws should be strengthened greatly to stop all of this madness going on in the country. If we enable stricter gun control laws it can help us by making it harder get your hands on a firearm, reducing the risk of gun related incidences, and overall saving more lives in total. America as a whole needs to decide if they want to keep being selfish, or if they want to save the lives of their fellow Americans.

The Theorist That I Chose To Write About Is Jean Piaget.

The theorist that I chose to write about is Jean Piaget. His theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come to acquire it. His theory is basically known as the developmental stage theory. In the developmental stage theory there are four different stages of the developmental theory: the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational period. Jean Piaget was born in Neuchà ¢tel (Switzerland) on August 9, 1896. He was the oldest child of Arthur Piaget and Rebecca Jackson. At age 11, when he was just a mere child at Neuchà ¢tel Latin high school, he wrote a short paper on an albino sparrow. This short notice is usually the start of an intelligent scientific career made of over 60 books†¦show more content†¦He died in Geneva on September, 1980. Piaget’s theory consisted of three different stages: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational. I’ll start out by talking about the first one, sensorimotor. During the sensorimotor stage, infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects. It was his observations of his daughter and nephew that heavily influenced his conception of this stage. At this point in development, a child s intelligence consists of their basic motor and sensory explorations of the world. Piaget believed that developing object constancy, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, played an important role at this point of development. By learning that objects are separate and distinct items and that they have a presence of their own outside of what an individual perceives it to be, children are then able to begin to attach names and words to objects. The next stage in the developmental th eory is the Preoperational stage. At this stage, kids learn through pretend play but still struggle with logic and taking the point of view of other people. They also often struggle with understanding the ideal of constancy. For example, a researcher might take a lump of clay, divide it into two equal pieces, and then give a child the choice between two pieces of clay to play with. One piece of clay is rolled into a compact ballShow MoreRelatedMy Brother Isaiah Thomas And The Stages Of Moral Development By Kohlberg1407 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussion about three theorist Piaget, Vygotsky, and Kohlberg along with their beliefs. I have chosen my brother Isaiah Thomas to compare and contrast the theories of the known theorist. The theories I chose to talk about are cognitive theory stages of development by Piaget, sociocultural theory by Vygotsky, and the stages of moral development by Kohlberg. Biography The person I chose to write about was my brother Isaiah Thomas. He is fifteen-year-old African American male about 6 foot 1. Read MoreChild Development 0-19 Yrs6074 Words   |  25 Pageschildish alternatives in speech. | | |Skips and hops. |Talks about the past, present and future with a good sense of| | |Draws a triangle by copying. |time. | | |Tries to write like an adult |Should have knowledge and awareness all vowels and limited | | Read MoreEssay on TOY CRITIQUE ASSIGNMENT3922 Words   |  16 Pagesof the adult 12 Evaluation 13 Conclusion 13 Recommendations 14 References 15 Introduction I am a student at †¦.College and I am doing The Early Childhood care and education Course FETAC Level 5. One of mandatory modules in this course is Early Childhood Education and Play and The Toy Critique assignment is part of that. I have to choose a toy and write detailed assessment about it. My chosen toy is The Memo Locomotives Puzzle made by Goki. Goki is the name of the brand for high-qualityRead MoreUnderstand Child Young Person Development7660 Words   |  31 Pagesthemselves; using | | |scissors and threading beads or other toys. Most children will be able to dress and feed themselves by this | | |age. By the age of five most children will be able to start to write their names and in some cases their | | |writing may become much more clearer. They may be ale to kick or catch/ throw a ball with more prosistion and | | |controll; and also increase fine multiple

Hiv/Aids Pandemic in Liberia free essay sample

Identifying HIV positive individuals and not enrolling them in any care and treatment program almost guarantee continued transmission of the virus†1. This report is seeks to provide the latest information about the spread of the dreadful HIV/AIDS pandemic in Liberia. It encompasses data on all of the fifteen political subdivision of the country. Most of the information was obtained from reports and materials from the National AIDS and STIs Control Programme (NACP). The NACP is the national Secretariat established by the Liberian Government through the National HIV/AIDS Commission to execute implementation of programs. Although other materials were consulted as well, the Internet also contributed immensely to this report. The findings in this report are very alarming, and it requires everyone to act appropriately to reverse the situation, else it would be too late for the prosperity of our country. For this reason, I would like to humbly entreat the attention and assistance of all well-meaning Liberians who will read this paper to help save our country. There are appendices attached which conclusions. I must acknowledge and appreciate the Government of Liberia through the NACP for allowing me access to materials that support this report. Not also forgetting my course lecturer, Mr Peter D. N. Duncan, MSc. in Education, for providing theoretical and moral guidance throughout the assignment period. I hope this paper has met its objective as the topic depicts. provide statistical data that support my analysis and 1 Khalipha M. Bility, Ph. D. , Program Manager, NACP Annual HIV and AIDS Review 2007-2008, pp. 2 Page 2 of 15 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www. pdffactory. com II. HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC: â€Å"Its Social Ramifications and Impacts on the Liberian Society† The historical accounts and facts of the discovery of the HIV/AIDS virus in Liberia can be traced as far as in 1986 when the first diagnosis was made at Curran Lutheran Hospital in Lofa. Since that time, not much realistic and reliable statistics and information had been made available. The Government of Liberia had only responded with the establishment of the National AIDS and STIs Control Programme (NACP) in 2001. This agency has got the statutory mandate of national oversight responsibility of all cases relating to the dreadful disease. To date, Liberia is diagnosed of three types of the pandemic: HIV-1, HIV-2, and the combination of both (HIV-12). Incidences of HIV/AIDS cases in Liberia, from 1986 to 1997, have been recorded as follows: In 1986, two HIV cases were reported; In 1989, three persons tested positive; In 1991, fourteen cases were reported; In 1993, four persons tested for HIV; In 1994, twelve persons tested for HIV; In 1996, eighteen persons tested positive; and in 1997, 48 patients tested positive. The Ministry of Health and the National Aids Control Program (NACP) had accordingly reported in 2001 that over 100,000 Liberians were tested positive for HIV who were primarily between ages 15-29, representing a 20 percent increase over the previous twomonth period. In the same year, it was reported by Time Magazine that Liberia AIDS figures was put around 39,000 carriers2. These figures were supported and confirmed by UNAIDS. Although up to date, the NACP report shows that HIV/AIDS cases are substantially under-reported during prior years, in its Annual HIV and AIDS Review 2007-2008, it is reported that Liberia HIV positive population, based on the 2007 Antenatal Care (ANC) Sero Prevalence Survey, is 173,6193. Currently, in its Quarter Nine Report (June to August 2009) a total of 1,411 patients4 are HIV/AIDS carriers; however, this figure is based on the number of persons consented for testing during the quarter. Data for Bomi, Gbarpolu, Grand Kru and River Gee counties are excluded because information for these counties were not available at time of the review. Exhibit 1 provides a more detail pictorial view of the situation. The region has generally high levels of infection of both HIV-1 and HIV-2. The onset of the HIV epidemic in West Africa began in 1985 with reported cases in Cote dIvoire, Benin and Mali. Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Cameroon, Senegal and Liberia followed in 1986; Sierra Leone, Togo and Niger in 1987; Mauritiana in 1988; The Gambia, GuineaBissau, and Guinea in 1989; and finally Cape Verde in 1990. The HIV/AIDS epidemics spreading through the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa are highly varied. The main driver of infection in the region is commercial sex. Although it is not correct to speak of a single African epidemic, Africa is without doubt the region most affected by the virus. Inhabited by just over 12% of the worlds population, Africa is estimated to have more than 60% of the AIDS-infected population. Much of the deadliness of the epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa has to do with a deadly synergy between HIV and tuberculosis, though this synergy is by no means limited to Africa. In fact, tuberculosis is 2 A. History and Facts Time Magazine, 12 February 2001, Vol. 157, No. 6 Annual HIV and AIDS Review: 2007-2008; pp. 5 NACP HIV AIDS QUARTER 9 REPORT: JUNE – AUGUST, 2009; pp. 7 3 4 Page 3 of 15 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www. pdffactory. com the worlds greatest infectious killer of women of reproductive age, and the leading cause of death among people with HIV/AIDS. 1. Education Awareness Building The current figures about HIV/AIDS prevalence is a strong indication that stigmatization and discrimination remains a major constraint to comprehensive data gathering on the actual prevalence rate for Liberia. This means that many Liberians are not willing to go for counselling and testing. HIV prevention activities are key components in fighting the pandemic in Liberia. The NACP during the quarter continue to disseminate HIV prevention messages to increase awareness in the general population. These messages were disseminated through various medium including posters, brochures, calendar amongst others. According to its annual report, a total of 29,3565 materials were distributed to health facilities, NGOs, CBOs, FBOs, and other implementing partners during the quarter. By a comparative analysis, given the last five years, with all of these awarenesses on HIV prevention, one can only hope that there will be a change in behavior of the population. Like one journalist reported in October 2005 said: â€Å"first the good news. Young Liberians know about AIDS, how they might contract the disease and what they can do to protect themselves. Now the bad news! They are not putting that knowledge into practice6. A study commissioned by the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) found that while nine out of 10 respondents knew HIV could spread through sexual intercourse, and six out of 10 knew a condom would protect them, only one in 10 used it the first time they had sex. Despite high knowledge rates, the sexual practices of too many Liberian youths include high rates of unprotected sex. This contradiction is profoundly disturbing and requires all of us to redouble our efforts to effectively communicate with young people about the very real threat of HIV/AIDS†7. B. Stigmatization and Discrimination C. Support Systems The Government of Liberia through the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and the National AIDS STI Control Program has demonstrated strong political will in response to the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Through the NACP, there has been over past year concerted efforts and strong strategic partnerships with the international community and charitable organizations. Together, they have made remarkable progress over the period under review, June 2007 to August 2009, as of preparation of this report. For instance, the leadership of the Health Ministry and the NACP continue to provide guidance and policy oversight throughout the implementation period. Members of the National AIDS Commission are contributing in significant ways to help Liberia move towards: One national AIDS Authority, One Action Framework and One monitoring and evaluation system. The United Nations Development Programme, (UNDP) continues to provide stewardship of the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM) that is now paving the way to accelerate universal access. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is providing support for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection (PMTCT) program. The World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Commission on AIDS (UNAIDS), International Labor Organization (ILO), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) and several other members of the UN system continue to provide material supplies, logistics and technical support. The Clinton Foundation, a charitable organization established by former U. S. President Bill Clinton has played very crucial roles in the achievement of the results of the 5 NACP Annual HIV and AIDS Review: 2007-2008, pp. 8 Claire Soares/IRIN, LIBERIA: Youth not putting HIV prevention lessons into practice, 28. 10. 2005 Angela Kearney, UNICEFs representative for Liberia. Personal Interview with Claire Soares/IRIN; 27. 02. 2005 6 7 Page 4 of 15 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www. pdffactory. com current data bank at the NACP. Other partners included CHAL, AWARE, Abbott Labs, University of Massachusetts, and the PIRE Institute that continue to provide technical assistance to the works of the NACP. The support of the various county health teams and the high degree of cooperation of health facilities across the 15 political subdivisions were engines in the collection and management of data. 1. Number of persons received testing and counselling The NACP and its partners have continued to implement national scale-up plans that are expected to provide universal access to counselling and testing services, thereby increasing the uptake of patients accessing the service. For example, in its Annual HIV/AIDS Review 2007-2008, a total of 52,774 persons were tested for HIV, resulting in a prevalence rate of 7. 6%. While its Quarter Nine Report shows that 23,325 persons went through the pre-test counselling, of which 20,229 (86. 7%) consented to be tested for HIV, and 19,201 (94%) of the total number tested went through post-test counselling. An HIV prevalence of 7% was recorded among those tested. The Ninth Quarterly Review Report is the latest national documentary on the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Liberia, as of the preparation of this research. . Number of persons positive and eligible for Anti Retrovirus (ARV) drugs According to NACP Annual HIV and AIDS Review: 2007-2008, out of the total of 3,239 patients that had enrolled in HIV Care, only 1,811 patients have started on the ARV treatment. Ninety-one (91%) of the patients who started ART were adults aged 15 years and older, while 9% were children aged 0-14. This represents a cumulative number of patients e ver started on ART up to the end of June 2008. At the time of writing, there were 2 pregnant women on ART and 140 pregnant women on prophylaxis. Although much has improved in the fight against HIV/AIDS, yet there is still a long way to go with the struggle. Due to the number of sites created, and with the appropriate testing standards, data contained in the Quarter Nine Report of the NACP revealed a cumulative number of 4,804 have enrolled into care and treatment, and only 2,672 of that number are on the ART. This latest figure shows an increment of 32% in enrolment in comparison to the last annual review of 2007-2008. Exhibit 2 shows a statistical data on the situation. 3. Number of contraceptives and equipment distributed The demand for condoms by partners and individuals indicates a degree of acceptance in the general public, but adequate information on utilization is not available. It is estimated that only 5% of the population use condoms correctly and consistently. The Global Fund, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) were the main providers of condoms during the period 2007-2008; a total of 2,578,315 condoms, of which 2,575,139 Males and 3,176 Females were distributed during the last 12 months to partners and individuals. This figure is actually an understatement, according to the NACP during the period under review because there is no national monitoring and evaluation system to track the dispensation of condom against the quantity brought into country. Condom promotion activities were carried out through mass media, health facilities, workplaces, community health agents, schools and others with support from Global Fund. A total of 827,143 male and 14 female condoms were distributed between June and August 2009. For the quarter, only Global Fund supported the program with condoms. Due to the thousand of request and urgent need for condoms in the country, only fifty (50) cartoons of condoms remain on its inventory stock card. D. Achievements / Progress Page 5 of 15 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www. pdffactory. com 4. Number of sexually transmitted infections diagnosed and treated Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) appears to be one of the major public health problems in Liberia, as STIs is now a window for HIV transmission, often referred to as the superhighway for HIV transmission. With the provision of the Global Fund for the fight against HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis, coupled with the training of service providers, case diagnosis and reporting is at an all time high, according to the NACP reports. For example, based on reports received, a total number of 88,377 cases of STI was diagnosed and treated from June 2007 to June 2008. The number of new cases of STIs recorded in its Ninth Quarterly Review 2009 from across the country is 41,146. Vaginal Discharge (12,731) accounted for the highest number followed by Lower Abdominal Pain with 9,075 cases reported. Patients treated for Inguinal Bubo accounted for the lowest number of STI cases during the quarter. Exhibit 3 shows a broader picture of the situation. 5. Number of victims (deaths) and survivors (orphans) The NACP has formulated a programme aimed at improving the survival rate and the quality of life of ART patients. Despite monitoring of survival following the initiation of the ART, the degree of lost to follow-up (missing three consecutive clinical appointments) is very high. From all indication, a significant proportion of non-compliant patients do return to the health facility at a later date, especially when they get very sick because some patients are not adhering to their drugs correctly. On the other hand, little is known about the exact number of defaulters who die since a home-based monitoring system for tracking home death is not in place to report all death. However, deaths reported are those occurring at the facilities (in-patient department) or reported by associate of patients. The NACP Annual HIV and AIDS Review – 2007-2008 recorded during the period 182 patients who account for 5. 3% of the cumulative number of patients’ enrolled in HIV care and treatment have died. In its Quarter Nine Report of 2009, there is a 3% (147) attrition rate recorded during the quarter, out of which 80% were patients lost to follow-up and 20% died. 6. Number of control centers setup in rural communities The availability of antiretroviral treatment to all identified HIV positive persons is a major challenge to national government and its donor partners. There are currently nineteen (19) facilities that provide ART services, and by the end of 2009, three (3) additional facilities have been earmarked to provide ART services, thereby increasing the number of facilities to twenty-two (22). The NACP has continually strived to improve the quality of care provided to all patients that have enrolled into HIV care and treatment. Despite poor follow-up system at facility level, during the quarter regular fuel distribution was made to seventeen of the nineteen ART sites across the country, aimed at empowering them to conduct home visits and patients follow up. It also subsidizes the resources for providing electricity at facilities to adequately operate laboratory equipments to perform laboratory test recommended for patients monitoring. Exhibit 48 provides a pictorial mapping of sites setup across the country. 7. Number or size of human capacity built If there is any significant increase in the timely and quality delivery of the healthcare services to HIV/AIDS patients, it can be attributed to the number of health workers that underwent trainings. A cumulative number of 1,975 persons were trained in various areas, including counselling and testing, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infections (PMTCT), antiretroviral therapy (ART), STI management, Data collection and reporting. It has been a challenge to ensuring the availability of safe blood in most African countries especially WHO African Region including Liberia where there are low availability of voluntary blood donors, low capacity in testing of donated blood and quality assurance in 8 Source: NACP Annual HIV and AIDS Review: 2007-2008 [PDF file], pp. v Page 6 of 15 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www. pdffactory. com blood services, and the unregulated clinical use of blood compounded by poor economic status and inadequate resources to improve transfusion services. The Program for the period under review carried out activities that centered on training. Two separate trainings for nurses and laboratory technicians were conducted. These trainings accomplished the target of 27 nurses and 26 laboratory technicians for the purpose of upgrading their skills in selection, screening, collection and provision of safe blood to needed recipients. Training of service providers in delivering HIV/AIDS services forms a major part of strengthening the Programme. During the quarter, the following trainings were conducted: Sixty (60) health workers at two different sessions were trained in STI Syndromic management. Thirty (30) health workers from twenty-three (23) health facilities in Lofa and another thirty (30) from twenty-two (22) health facilities in Nimba benefited from the training. Twenty-eight (28) health professionals and Community Home-Based Care givers from 8 health facilities were trained using the National Palliative and Home-Based Care Guidelines. The PMTCT training of Trainers (TOT) workshop was conducted for 31 health professionals in thirty-four (34) facilities from ten of the 15 counties. There is currently an ongoing training to expand HCT services in the south-eastern part of the country. Additional 13 sites are expected to open during quarter 10. Opening of new HCT facilities increased rapidly over time during June 2007 to June 2008. To date, there are 85 HCT sites in 14 counties. E. Spatial Distribution and statistical data on prevalence rate The highlighted counties are indications of high-risk factors given their geographic location of the country. HIV/AIDS figures in the sub-region, especially in the Mano River Union (MRU) Basin continue to rise at an alarming rate since 2001. For instance, Cote d’Ivoire had the highest prevalence rate of 7. 1% in 2005 in the region and the second highest in West Africa. Sierra Leone and Guinea are ranked in second and third place respectively in the MRU basin. With these high-rate prevalence MRU neighboring countries to Liberia, one can only say that they are at very high risk of the dreadful disease. The table showing the spatial distribution is only based on the number of persons that consented for counselling and testing between June and August 2009.

Ornette Coleman Paper free essay sample

Westbrook Ornate Coleman and his influence on popular music/jazz Ornate Coleman is one of the most influential artists in Jazz and considered an American Icon and legend. There are not many musicians that emerge who dramatically changed the way we listen to music. Ornate Coleman was of the major innovators of free Jazz as well as a great saxophonist and composer. Colleens bluesy, playful music revolutionized jazz by ignoring regular harmonies and rhythm. He even created his own theory harmonic and applied it to rock instrumental in his group Prime Time.The musicians new style helped to regenerate jazz by allowing for the genre to go into a new direction and be placed for his music to be placed In a group of major 20th century composers. This paper will discuss how Ornate Coleman borrowed from the world of Jazz to Influence concert hall compositions. Ornate Coleman was a revolutionary saxophone player who expanded contemporary boundaries of music. We will write a custom essay sample on Ornette Coleman Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He gained those remarkable skills by teaching himself how to play saxophone at the age of 14 and by playing with musicians in local rhythm and blues bars while growing up in Fort Worth, Texas in the late sass and early ass.Some of his legends Include Charlie Parker and two local musicians in Fort Worth Ben Martin and Reed Connors. Coleman loved Charlie Parker and bebop and thought of It as the most advanced collective way of playing a melody and at the same time improvising. Parker taught Coleman many lessons especially about the quality of what he could play and knowing the audience (Rattail 63). The musician decided to travel to L. A. And played in various establishments. He eventually made his way to New York with his first band having a good sense of melody and ideas of laying without any preconceived chord changes (Rattail 55).People thought of him as a genius and others denounced him as a charlatan. His music was considered controversial for instance In his quartet they had no choral Instruments such as the piano. Listeners said his music was radically rejecting jazz traditions, but a few praised him and said the music was an extension of the historical practice (Martin,Waters). As he was traveling in R;8 jazz bands across the country, he switched back and forth between alto and tenor sax. Resistance was normal for Coleman, and he was use to being fired.In 1950, he wrote an unpublished book that deals with a theory that melody has nothing to do with harmony, chords, or key centers. In 1958, he formed his own band that was established on a mode of playing which no one player had the lead but anyone could come out and play at any time. Beginning in 1959, Coleman and his quartet went to New York and developed the concept of free Jazz (George-Warren and Pareses). Free Jazz and improvised music did away with any of the strict forms of Jazz and classic music such as tonality, chord changes, formal shape and structure, etc.Coleman was put Into the category along instrumentation in Jazz, classical rock, and pop allowing for any instrument to be equal in improvising. Many performers were encouraged by these individuals to go beyond the regular technique to develop extended techniques (Cox, Warner 252). Colleens group debut in New York was unlike anything anyone had ever heard. The bassist or drummer did not function in a conventional rhythm sense, and there was no piano to provide choral harmonies. When Coleman played with his group, they did not have any idea what the end result would be.The group was even able to get he attention and approval from conductor-composer Leonard Bernstein and composer Virgil Thompson along with other writers and painters (Europe Jazz Network). Each player in his group contributed what he felt in the music at any moment, and each member is not told what to do but play what they hear in the piece themselves. He also stated that in a sense that there is no start or finish to any of his music, but there is a continued expression, continually evolving strands of thoughts that link all of his compositions together (Corer, Warner 254).Other things that summarized Colleens style of music include: fragmented, pointed melodies, elodea connections based on moti ve structure and large-scale gestures and abstract relations among pitches, little or no use of conventional harmony and voice leading, but solos often have loose shifting tonal centers, variety of melodic rhythm, nasal insistent tone, loose rhythms, use of middle and upper range on instrument, passionate expression, and deviation from standard intonation (Martin, Waters 271). Coleman started to explore different music possibilities by mixing and extending elements of honks-ton, blues, funk and bebop in areas of harmony, rhythm and the melodic structure. His musical styles alienated him from the Jazz world that musicians walked off the stage when he showed up for a show. His new innovations later became known as harmonic, which helped change Jazz by pointing it in a direction away from the musical styles of bebop, but also established a place in a group of major 20th century composers such as Charlie Parker, Harry Parch, Charles Ivies, and John Cage (Europe Jazz Network).From 1962 to 1965, Coleman withdrew himself from the spotlight and taught himself to play the trumpet and violin. He began to turn his attention to writing compositions for various musical forms such as downwind quintets, chamber orchestras, string quartets, symphonic works and vocal works. This is the point in his life where his music began to affect the concert hall. The first public per formance of one his pieces was the string quartet piece Dedicated to Poets and Writers. Performances of some of his works are scarce and have not been performed or recorded. The release of his two pieces Saints and Soldiers and Space Flight performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra cleared the way for his most famous piece Skies of America symphonic suite. The piece is scored for Jazz ensemble and orchestra and debuted in 1972 at Newport in New York Festival and recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra (George-Warren and Pareses). This work stands as Colleens harmonic manifesto. There are some themes that people can recognize.Coleman enters the scene halfway through the piece with his saxophone during The Artist in America. His modulations have a fresh, sometimes abrupt sound as a result of movement of the melody and the chords. There are a number of different chord changes which are considered correct even though it does with the Jumble of melodies and heavy densities. The entire work introduced his harmony theory in which harmonies, rhythms, and melodies function independently and equally (George-Warren and Pareses).The theory relates to the use of similar melodic material in different clefs and keys, producing a texture of predominately parallel motion (Martin, Waters 271). He wanted to be like famous musicians George Gershwin, Duke Longtime, and Charles Minus so that he could help break down boundaries between modern Jazz and serious concert music. Coleman translates his ability as an improviser into orchestral terms. With his orchestral works, he was able to create a peculiar timbre and certain licks unlike any other composer writing orchestral works.During the sass Colleens musical horizons continued to expand. He formed the group Prime Time which incorporated rock and funk rhythms and melodic fragments similar to RB music along with its harmonic possibilities. The free Jazz/classical composer now created dance music that combined elements of Jazz, funk, RB, and rock with an unusual mix of instruments two guitarists, two drummers, two bassists, Coleman on the sax, violin, and trumpet. This groups music included multi-layered melodies, polytonal and polytechnic textures which were defined as harmonics.This style shaped more music other than Jazz, and Colleens music influenced affected many rock musicians during the ass especially Frank Kappa (Europe Jazz Network). While Coleman influenced rock musicians, he continued to diversify his music and became interested in African cultures. He traveled throughout Africa with Prime Time and created a new album Dancing in Your Head featuring field recordings with the group while they were working with tribal musicians in Morocco.In the sass Coleman re vised and completed Skies of America after being commissioned by Caravan of Dreams, an arts center that opened in his hometown of Fort Worth, Texas. Coleman continued to write for all instrumentation and group sizes. He continued compositions for the concert hall such as the Meet the Modern series and The Sacred Mind of Johnny Dolphin. His group Prime Time eventually mixed AC (Martin and Waters)acoustic and electric instruments. In 1993, his most monumental recordings from Atlantic were released in a box set entitled Beauty Is a Rare Thing.He went on o be inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters and was featured by the New York Lincoln Center which hosted a festival of his works featuring a performance of the Skies of America by the New York Philharmonic and surviving members of his band Prime Time (Europe Jazz Network). One of the greatest Jazz artist and composer of all time is Ornate Coleman who influenced music for the concert hall and popular music genres such as Jazz and rock and roll. His music for the concert hall was innovative and creative as stayed true to his artistic style and capabilities. One of his most influential pieces for the concert hall was Skies of America which helped blend many different styles of music into an orchestral work. Individuals were influenced by his pioneering work in creating free Jazz and the use of improvisation styles as well as his newly created harmonic theory. Coleman was not afraid to step out on the limb to perform and create music without boundaries and that did not follow the traditional Western theory practices. He did receive a lot of criticism for his approach but affected and changed many by his abilities. Cox, Christopher and Daniel Warner.